Imodyuli yeseli yelanga

Ngokubanzi, imodyuli yeseli yelanga yenziwe ngamacandelo amahlanu ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, kubandakanya iglasi yefotovoltaic, ifilimu encamathelayo yokupakisha, icwecwe yeseli, ifilimu encamathelayo yokupakisha, kunye neplanet engasemva:

(1) Iglasi yefotovoltaic

Ngenxa yamandla omatshini ahluphekileyo weseli ye-photovoltaic eyodwa yelanga, kulula ukuphuka;Ukufuma kunye negesi engcolileyo emoyeni iya kuthi ngokuthe ngcembe i-oxidize kwaye igxume i-electrode, kwaye ayikwazi ukumelana neemeko ezinzima zomsebenzi wangaphandle;Ngelo xesha, i-voltage esebenzayo yeeseli ze-photovoltaic enye idla ngokuba yincinci, okunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezixhobo zombane jikelele.Ngoko ke, iiseli zelanga zihlala zitywinwa phakathi kwephaneli yokupakisha kunye ne-backplane ngefilimu ye-EVA ukwenza imodyuli ye-photovoltaic engabonakaliyo kunye nokupakishwa kunye noqhagamshelwano lwangaphakathi olunokubonelela ngemveliso ye-DC ngokuzimeleyo.Iimodyuli ezininzi ze-photovoltaic, ii-inverters kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane zenza inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic.

Emva kokuba iglasi ye-photovoltaic egubungela imodyuli ye-photovoltaic ifakwe, inokuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okuphezulu, ukwenzela ukuba iseli yelanga inokuvelisa umbane ongaphezulu;Kwangaxeshanye, iglasi ye-photovoltaic eqinile inamandla aphezulu, anokwenza iiseli zelanga zimelane noxinzelelo olukhulu lomoya kunye nokwahlukana okukhulu kobushushu be-diurnal.Ke ngoko, iglasi ye-photovoltaic yenye yezinto eziyimfuneko kwiimodyuli ze-photovoltaic.

Iiseli ze-Photovoltaic zahlulwe kakhulu kwiiseli ze-silicon zekristale kunye neeseli zefilimu ezincinci.Iglasi ye-photovoltaic esetyenziselwa iiseli ze-silicon zekristale ikakhulu ithatha indlela ye-calendering, kunye neglasi ye-photovoltaic esetyenziselwa iiseli zefilimu ezibhityileyo ikakhulu isebenzisa indlela yokudada.

(2) Ukutywina ifilimu encamathelayo (EVA)

Ifilimu yokunamathiswa kweeseli zelanga ibekwe phakathi kwimodyuli yeseli yelanga, egubungela i-cell sheet kwaye ihlanganiswe neglasi kunye neplate yangasemva.Imisebenzi ephambili ye-solar cell packaging adhesive film ibandakanya: ukubonelela ngenkxaso yesakhiwo kwisixhobo somgca weseli yelanga, ukubonelela ngokudibanisa okuphezulu kwe-optical phakathi kweseli kunye nemitha yelanga, ukwahlula ngokwasemzimbeni iseli kunye nomgca, kunye nokuqhuba ubushushu obuveliswa yiseli, njl. Ngoko ke, iimveliso zefilimu zokupakisha kufuneka zibe nomqobo womoya ophezulu wamanzi, ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okuphezulu okubonakalayo, ukumelana nomthamo ophezulu, ukumelana nemozulu kunye nokusebenza kwe-PID.

Okwangoku, ifilimu encamathelayo ye-EVA yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwifilimu yokuncamathelisa ukupakishwa kweeseli zelanga.Ukusukela ngo-2018, isabelo sayo semarike simalunga ne-90%.Ineminyaka engaphezu kwe-20 yembali yesicelo, kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso elinganayo kunye nokusebenza kweendleko eziphezulu.Ifilimu encamathelayo ye-POE yenye into esetyenziswa ngokubanzi i-photovoltaic yokupakisha imathiriyeli yokuncamathelisa.Ukususela ngo-2018, isabelo sayo semarike malunga ne-9% 5. Le mveliso i-ethylene octene copolymer, engasetyenziselwa ukupakishwa kweglasi enye yelanga kunye neemodyuli zeglasi ezimbini, ngokukodwa kwiimodyuli zeglasi ezimbini.Ifilimu yokuncamathelisa ye-POE ineempawu ezibalaseleyo ezifana nezinga lokuthintela umphunga wamanzi aphezulu, ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okuphezulu okubonakalayo, ukumelana nomthamo ophezulu, ukumelana nemozulu okugqwesileyo kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide lokulwa ne-PID.Ukongezelela, ukusebenza okuphezulu okubonakalayo okubonakalayo kwale mveliso kunokuphucula ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kokukhanya kwelanga kwimodyuli, kunceda ukunyusa amandla emodyuli, kwaye kunokusombulula ingxaki yokuphuphuma kwefilimu enamathelayo emhlophe emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwemodyuli.

(3) Itshiphu yebhetri

Iseli yelanga yeSilicon sisixhobo esiqhelekileyo ezibini.Iitheminali zimbini ngokulandelelanayo kumphezulu wokufumana ukukhanya kunye nomphezulu we-backlight we-silicon chip.

Umgaqo wokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic: Xa i-photon ikhanya kwisinyithi, amandla ayo anokuthatyathwa ngokupheleleyo yi-electron kwisinyithi.Amandla afunxwa yi-electron makhulu ngokwaneleyo ukoyisa amandla e-Coulomb ngaphakathi kwe-athomu yentsimbi kwaye enze umsebenzi, abaleke kumphezulu wesinyithi aze abe yifotoelectron.Iathom yeSilicon ineelektroni ezine zangaphandle.Ukuba i-silicon ecocekileyo ifakwe ii-athomu ezinee-electron ezintlanu zangaphandle, ezifana ne-athomu ye-phosphorus, iba yi-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-N;Ukuba i-silicon ecocekileyo ifakwe ii-athomu ezinee-electron ezintathu zangaphandle, ezifana ne-athomu ye-boron, i-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-P yenziwa.Xa uhlobo lwe-P kunye nohlobo lwe-N ludityanisiwe, indawo yoqhagamshelwano iya kwenza umehluko onokuthi ube khona kwaye ube yiseli yelanga.Xa ukukhanya kwelanga kukhanya kwi-PN junction, i-current flow flowing ukusuka kwicala le-P ukuya kwicala le-N-type, lenza i-current.

Ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenzisiweyo, iiseli zelanga zinokuhlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amathathu: udidi lokuqala luyi-crystalline silicon iiseli zelanga, kuquka i-silicon ye-monocrystalline kunye ne-polycrystalline silicon.Uphando lwabo kunye nophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemarike kunzulu kakhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kwabo kwe-photoelectric conversion kuphezulu, kuthatha isabelo esikhulu semarike ye-chip yebhetri yangoku;Udidi lwesibini luyi-film-film ye-solar cell cell, kubandakanywa iifilimu ezisekelwe kwi-silicon, iikhompawundi kunye nezinto eziphilayo.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunqongophala okanye ubutyhefu bezinto eziluhlaza, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa, ukuzinza okungahambi kakuhle kunye nezinye iintsilelo, azifane zisetyenziswe kwiimarike;Udidi lwesithathu ziiseli ezintsha zelanga, kubandakanywa iiseli zelanga elaminethiweyo, okwangoku zikwinqanaba lophando kunye nophuhliso kwaye itekhnoloji ayikavuthwa.

Izixhobo eziphambili zeeseli zelanga ziyi-polysilicon (enokuvelisa i-crystal crystal rods, i-polysilicon ingots, njl.).Inkqubo yokuvelisa ikakhulu ibandakanya: ukucocwa kunye nokuthontelana, ukusasazwa, ukufakwa komphetho, iglasi ye-silicon ye-dephosphorized, i-PECVD, ukuprintwa kwesikrini, i-sintering, uvavanyo, njl.

Umahluko kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwekristale enye kunye nephaneli ye-polycrystalline photovoltaic yandiswa apha

Ikristale enye kunye ne-polycrystalline ziindlela ezimbini zobugcisa ze-crystalline silicon yamandla elanga.Ukuba i-crystal enye ifaniswa nelitye elipheleleyo, i-polycrystalline ilitye elenziwe ngamatye atyumkileyo.Ngenxa yeepropati ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, ukuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric ukuguqulwa kwe-crystal eyodwa kuphezulu kune-polycrystal, kodwa ixabiso le-polycrystal liphantsi.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric ukusebenza kakuhle kweeseli zelanga ze-silicon ze-monocrystalline malunga ne-18%, kwaye iphakamileyo yi-24%.Le yeyona ndlela iphezulu yokuguqula ifotoelectric yazo zonke iintlobo zeeseli zelanga, kodwa ixabiso lemveliso liphezulu.Ngenxa yokuba i-silicon ye-monocrystalline ipakishwe ngokubanzi ngeglasi epholileyo kunye ne-resin engangeni manzi, yomelele kwaye inobomi benkonzo yeminyaka engama-25.

Inkqubo yokuveliswa kweeseli zelanga ze-polycrystalline silicon zifana ne-monocrystalline silicon iiseli zelanga, kodwa ukuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric yeeseli zelanga ze-polycrystalline silicon kufuneka kuncitshiswe kakhulu, kwaye ukuguqulwa kwayo kwe-photoelectric kusebenze malunga ne-16%.Ngokwexabiso lemveliso, lixabiso eliphantsi kuneeseli zelanga ze-silicon ze-monocrystalline.Izixhobo zilula ukwenza, ukonga ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye ixabiso lilonke lemveliso liphantsi.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwekristale enye kunye ne-polycrystal: i-polycrystal yikristale enye eneziphene.

Ngokunyuka kwebhidi ye-intanethi ngaphandle kwenkxaso-mali kunye nokwanda kokunqongophala kwezixhobo zomhlaba ezinokufakelwa, imfuno yeemveliso ezisebenzayo kwimarike yehlabathi iyanda.Ingqwalasela yabatyali-mali nayo iye yatshintsha ukusuka kungxamiseko lwangaphambili ukuya kumthombo wokuqala, oko kukuthi, ukusebenza kokuveliswa kwamandla kunye nokuthembeka kwexesha elide kweprojekthi ngokwayo, engundoqo kwingeniso yesikhululo samandla sexesha elizayo.Kweli nqanaba, iteknoloji ye-polycrystalline iseneenzuzo kwiindleko, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kuncinci.

Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokukhula okuvilaphayo kobuchwepheshe bepolycrystalline: kwelinye icala, iindleko zophando kunye nophuhliso zihlala ziphezulu, ezikhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu zokwenziwa kweenkqubo ezintsha.Kwelinye icala, ixabiso lezixhobo libiza kakhulu.Nangona kunjalo, nangona amandla okuvelisa amandla kunye nokusebenza kweekristale ezisebenzayo zingaphaya kokufikelela kwi-polycrystals kunye neekristale eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo, abanye abathengi abanomdla kwixabiso baya kukwazi "ukungakwazi ukukhuphisana" xa bekhetha.

Okwangoku, itekhnoloji yekristale enye esebenzayo izuze ulungelelwaniso oluhle phakathi kokusebenza kunye neendleko.Umthamo wokuthengisa wekristale enye uye wathatha indawo ehamba phambili kwimarike.

(4) Inqwelomoya engasemva

I-backplane yelanga yinto yokupakisha ye-photovoltaic ebekwe ngasemva kwimodyuli yeseli yelanga.Isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukukhusela imodyuli yeseli yelanga kwindawo yangaphandle, ukuxhathisa ukubola kwezinto zokusingqongileyo ezifana nokukhanya, ukufuma kunye nobushushu kwifilimu yokupakisha, ii-chips zeseli kunye nezinye izinto, kwaye udlale indima yokukhusela i-insulation yemozulu.Ekubeni i-backplane ibekwe kumaleko angaphandle ngasemva kwimodyuli ye-PV kwaye inxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle, kufuneka ibe nokumelana okuphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphantsi, ukumelana nemitha ye-ultraviolet, ukumelana nokuguga kokusingqongileyo, umqobo womphunga wamanzi, ukugqunywa kombane kunye nokunye. iipropati ukuhlangabezana nobomi benkonzo yeminyaka engama-25 yemodyuli yeseli yelanga.Ngophuculo oluqhubekayo lweemfuno zokuvelisa amandla kwishishini le-photovoltaic, ezinye iimveliso ze-backplane zelanga ezisebenza kakhulu zinokukhanya okuphezulu okubonakalayo ukuphucula ukuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric ukusebenza kakuhle kweemodyuli zelanga.

Ngokohlelo lwezixhobo, i-backplane yahlulwe ikakhulu kwiipolymer eziphilayo kunye nezinto ezingaphiliyo.I-backplane yelanga ihlala ibhekisa kwi-organic polymers, kwaye izinto ezingaphiliyo ziyiglasi ubukhulu becala.Ngokwenkqubo yemveliso, kukho uhlobo oludibeneyo, uhlobo lokwaleka kunye nohlobo lwe-coextrusion.Okwangoku, i-backplane edibeneyo yenza ngaphezulu kwe-78% yemarike ye-backplane.Ngenxa yokwanda kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zeglasi ephindwe kabini, isabelo sentengiso se-backplane yeglasi sidlula i-12%, kwaye eso seenqwelomoya ezigqunywe ngasemva kunye nezinye iiplani zokubuyela umva zimalunga ne-10%.

Iimathiriyeli ekrwada ye-solar backplane ikakhulu ibandakanya ifilimu yesiseko se-PET, imathiriyeli yefluorine kunye nokuncamathelisa.Ifilimu yesiseko sePET ubukhulu becala ibonelela ngokugquma kunye neempawu zoomatshini, kodwa ukumelana kwayo nemozulu kubi kakhulu;Izinto ze-fluorine zihlulwe kakhulu zibe ziifom ezimbini: ifilimu ye-fluorine kunye ne-fluorine equkethe i-resin, ebonelela nge-insulation, ukumelana nemozulu kunye nepropati yokuthintela;I-adhesive ikakhulu yenziwe nge-resin yokwenziwa, i-ejenti yokunyanga, izongezo ezisebenzayo kunye nezinye iikhemikhali.Isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ifilimu yesiseko ye-PET kunye nefilimu ye-fluorine kwi-backplane edibeneyo.Okwangoku, i-backplanes yeemodyuli zeeseli zelanga ezikumgangatho ophezulu zisebenzisa izixhobo ze-fluoride ukukhusela ifilimu yesiseko se-PET.Ukwahlukana kuphela kukuba ifom kunye nokubunjwa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ze-fluoride ziyahluka.Izinto ze-fluorine zixutywe kwifilimu yesiseko se-PET ngokunamathela ngendlela yefilimu ye-fluorine, eyi-backplane edibeneyo;Igqunywe ngokuthe ngqo kwifilimu yesiseko se-PET ngohlobo lwefluorine equlethe iresin ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ekhethekileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-backplane ecoliweyo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-backplane edibeneyo inomsebenzi ophezulu obanzi ngenxa yokunyaniseka kwefilimu yayo ye-fluorine;I-backplane egqunyiweyo inenzuzo yexabiso ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphantsi.

Iintlobo eziphambili ze-backplane edibeneyo

I-backplane edibeneyo yelanga inokwahlulwa ibe yifilimu ephindwe kabini ye-fluorine yangasemva, i-backplane enecala elinye ye-fluorine ifilimu, kunye ne-fluorine yangasemva yasimahla ngokomxholo we-fluorine.Ngenxa yokumelana nemozulu kunye nezinye iimpawu, zifanelekile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.Ngokubanzi, ukuchasana kwemozulu kokusingqongileyo kulandelwa yifilim enamacala amabini angasemva, ifilim enecala elinye ifilim ebuyela umva, kunye ne-fluorine yangasemva yasimahla, kwaye amaxabiso azo ehla ngokulandelelana.

Qaphela: (1) ifilimu ye-PVF (i-monofluorinated resin) ikhutshwe kwi-copolymer ye-PVF.Le nkqubo yokuqulunqa iqinisekisa ukuba i-PVF yokuhlobisa icwecwe kwaye ayinaziphene ezifana ne-pinholes kunye nokuqhekeka okuvame ukwenzeka ngexesha le-PVDF (i-difluorinated resin) yokutshiza okanye i-roller coating.Ke ngoko, ukufakwa kwe-PVF yefilimu yokuhlobisa ifilimu iphezulu kune-PVDF yokugqoka.Izinto zokugquma ifilimu yePVF zinokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinomhlwa ombi;

(2) Kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwefilimu ye-PVF, ukucwangciswa kwe-extruding ye-molecular lattice ecaleni kwendlela ye-longitudinal kunye ne-transverse iqinisa kakhulu amandla ayo omzimba, ngoko ifilimu ye-PVF inobunzima obukhulu;

(3) Ifilimu yePVF inokumelana okunamandla kunye nobomi benkonzo obude;

4

Iimeko ezisebenzayo

Ngenxa yokumelana nemozulu ephezulu, i-backplane ene-fluorine enecala eliphindwe kabini iyakwazi ukumelana neendawo ezinzima ezifana nokubanda, ukushisa okuphezulu, umoya kunye nesanti, imvula, njl.Ifilim enecala elinye ifilimu ehlanganisiweyo iyimveliso ethotywayo yimveliso yebhanyabhanya enamacala amabini ehlanganisiweyo.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-double-sided fluorine film composite backplane, umaleko wayo wangaphakathi unokumelana ne-ultraviolet embi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, okusebenza kakhulu kumaphahla kunye neendawo ezinemitha ye-ultraviolet ephakathi.

6, i-PV inverter

Kwinkqubo ye-solar photovoltaic power generation, amandla aveliswa yi-photovoltaic arrays ngamandla e-DC, kodwa imithwalo emininzi idinga amandla e-AC.Inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla e-DC inemida enkulu, engafanelekanga kwinguqu yombane, kwaye umda wesicelo somthwalo ulinganiselwe.Ngaphandle kwemithwalo ekhethekileyo yombane, ii-inverters ziyafuneka ukuguqula amandla e-DC kumandla e-AC.I-photovoltaic inverter yintliziyo yenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga photovoltaic.Iguqula amandla e-DC aveliswa yinkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic kumandla e-AC afunwa bubomi ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji yokuguqula amandla e-elektroniki, kwaye yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezingundoqo kwisikhululo samandla e-photovoltaic.


Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-26-2022